Figured it out on my own. Layer Styles are in the right-click menu for layers, not in the drop-down above the layer list where I searched for it. Makes sense. Looks like everything needed from the tutorial is included in Krita.

Played around a bit with a vector layer to draw shapes, then clones of that layer used in layer groups below fill layers containing textures that are alpha-locked to the layer below. Add some glow and shadow to the Clone Layers to make transitions between textures a bit smoother. I am not much of an artist, but I think I can come up with something good enough for my personal use.